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The tendency for a structure to slide horizontally under the action of any horizontal component (TH) of load T must be prevented by the reaction (P) from the ground behind the structure and/or by a frictional force (R) between the structure and the ground beneath it. |
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The weight (W) of the structure and the vertical components Tv of any loads (T) must be balanced by the vertically upward reaction (V) of the ground, or foundation, below the structure. |
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The overturning moment of the loads about a probable centre of rotation (O) must be balanced by the restoring moment about the same point due to the self-weight of the structure. |
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FOSOTM - Factor of safety against overturning. |
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FOSSLD - Factor of safety against sliding. |